12+Chemical+and+Biological+Weapons

Devin-Tyson. Chemical Gas Issue 1 1. Chemical gas and how it was first used and introduced into WW1.

1. The French army was first to use chemical warfare and they used it against the Germans. In the first month of the war (August 1914) France used tear bomb grenades against Germany and it had little effect. However Germany later gave tremendous study on chemical warfare and used it in large quantities. This is the first war in which chemical warfare is used. France was first to use it and afterwards Germany started seriously using it massively and all the other countries start using t afterwards.

, Micheal. "First World War.com - Weapons of War: Poison Gas." //First World War.com - A Multimedia History of World War One//. 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 18 Feb. 2011. "effects of chemical gas" @http://cartridgecollectors.org/introtoartyammo/introtoarty.htm

"Gas Mask." //Welcome//. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. []. "artillery shells"@http://cartridgecollectors.org/introtoartyammo/introtoarty.htm

2.How was chemical gas used. 1. On April 22 the Germans used chlorine gas against the French and enemy lines. It was a yellowish green cloud coming towards their line. The French and Algerian frontline didn’t know what it was at first they figured the Germans were using it to advance on them and attack. This was the first use of chlorine gas and “ the effects of chlorine gas were severe. Within seconds of inhaling its vapor it destroyed the victim's respiratory organs, bringing on choking attacks” (firstworldwar.com). The French not knowing what it was at the time waited in case of infantry but many were killed while inhaling the gas and afterwards they split up and fled creating a four mile gap. While their lines were split up and separated it was and opportunity for the Germans to advance but they were unaware that their enemy line was separated and they missed their opportunity to advance.

a. Duffy, Michael. "First World War.com - Weapons of War: Poison Gas." //First World War.com - A Multimedia History of World War One//. 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 23 Feb. 2011.

3. Effects of Chemical Weapons

3. Men who stayed in their places suffered less than those who ran, because movement worsened the effects of the gas. Soldiers that stood up on the fire step suffered less and those who stood on the parapet suffered the least, soldiers on stretchers and that were laying down suffered the most because gas was denser near the ground. Chlorine was less effective weapons because counter-measures were introduced the gas produced a strong odor and a greenish cloud making it easily detectable. Chlorine was water soluble; soldiers could cover the nose and mouth with a damp cloth to reduce the effects of the gas. Mustard gas caused blisters, their eyes were sore and they would vomit, it caused internal and external bleeding it damaged the bronchial tubes and stripped off the mucous membrane.

"Poison Gas in World War I." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. 3. Tuban Gas was used in the Iraq-Iran war, it interferes with normal functions of the nervous system. Tabun Gas is classified as a Weapon of Mass Destruction by the UN. Symptoms of exposure are nervousness/restlessness, contracting of the pupils, running nose, excessive salvation, difficulty of breathing because of bronchoconstriction, sweating, slow heartbeat, loss of consciousness, convulsions, flaccid paralysis, loss of bladder and bowel control, breathing stopped and lung blisters. The Number and severity of the gas varies according to the amount absorbed and rate of entry into the body small skin dosages sometimes cause sweating and tremors and constricted pupils and fewer effects. Death may be delayed for a few hours, inhalation of lethal dosages can cause death in ten minutes, if absorbed through the eyes in can kill almost as fast. Sarin is highly volatile gas, inhalation and absorption through the skin is a great threat. Death can follow within a minute of direct ingestion of a lethal dose when antidotes are not immediately given. Symptoms of sarin after exposure are runny nose, tightening of the chest and constriction of the pupils soon the victim has difficulty breathing, begins to experience nausea and drooling, losses control of bodily functions, begins to vomit and begins to suffocate. Soman is another chemical weapon used during the Iran-Iraq war. Symptoms of exposure are runny nose, watery eyes, eye pain, blurred vision, drooling and excessive sweating, cough, tightening of the chest, rapid breathing, confusion, drowsiness, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, slow or fast heat rate and abnormally low or high blood pressure. A large amount of soman may cause loss of consciousness, convulsions, paralysis, and respiratory failure or possible death.

"CDC | Facts About Soman." //CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response Site//. 22 Feb. 2006. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. []